Obesity is defined by body mass index (BMI). This paper will therefore discuss the clinical management of obese patients undergoing surgery as a means of providing anesthesiologists with the necessary information needed to properly prepare and manage these patients before, during and after surgery. It is also extremely important that the patients be appropriately accessed preoperatively for the identification of anesthesia related risk factors so that the team can adequately prepare for the proper management of any complication that may arise throughout the course of surgery. Īs a result, it is imperative that the anesthetic team acquire adequate and relevant knowledge for the effective management of obese patients undertaking different types of surgery. There may also be challenges encountered in finding the appropriate drug doses for induction and maintenance in these patients. Postoperatively, obese patients also exhibit an increased risk for developing myocardial infarctions, wound and urinary tract infections, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and nerve injuries. Intraoperative complications are associated with increased block failures, peripheral nerve injuries, thrombotic complications and difficulties with airway management and fluid administration. Preoperatively, most of the complications observed are associated with the respiratory system as obese patients are more prone to experiencing decreased lung volume, lung collapse, abnormalities in lung and chest wall compliance in addition to varying degrees of hypoxemia. Īccording to the literature, obesity with its related comorbidities, significantly increase the risk for preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative surgical complications. The presence of these conditions at some point may require surgical intervention and therefore, anesthesiologists are frequently faced with the challenge of effectively managing obese patients along with their pre-existing comorbidities. Due to this myriad of concomitant diseases and complications that accompany obesity, the management of obese patients, especially those undertaking surgical procedures, is now becoming increasingly challenging. It is also important to note that obesity is a major risk factor for asthma development and higher prevalence of this disease is commonly seen in obese and overweight persons as compared to non-obese individuals. Furthermore, patients who are overweight or obese may also experience dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) liver and gallbladder diseases, osteoarthritis, cancers and reproductive and psychological disorders. Obesity is associated with comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery diseases. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) declares that about 35.7% of adults in the United States are now obese. In addition, over the past few decades, the prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing in the United States. Based on this source, in 2016, approximately 13% of the world’s population were labeled as obese. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Īccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of obesity has significantly increased since 1975. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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